Modern chatbots are typically online and use generative artificial intelligence systems that are capable of maintaining a conversation with a user in natural language and simulating the way a human would behave as a conversational partner.

Chatbots gained widespread attention in the early 2020s due to the popularity of OpenAI's ChatGPT,5 followed by alternatives such as Microsoft's Copilot and Google's Gemini and now China’s DeepSeek

Modern chatbots like ChatGPT are often based on large language models called generative pre-trained transformers (GPT). They are based on a deep learning architecture called the transformer, which contains artificial neural networks. They learn how to generate text by being trained on a large text corpus,

Despite criticism of its accuracy and tendency to "hallucinate”, ChatGPT has gained attention for its detailed responses and historical knowledge.

ChatBots undeniably work and have successfully passed the Turing test.

Improvements in transformer-based deep neural networks, particularly large language models (LLMs), enabled an AI boom of generative AI systems in the 2020s. These include chatbots such as ChatGPT, Copilot, Gemini, and LLaMA; text-to-image artificial intelligence image generation systems such as Stable Diffusion, Midjourney, and DALL-E; and text-to-video AI generators such as Sora. Companies such as OpenAI, Anthropic, Microsoft, Google, and Baidu as well as numerous smaller firms have developed generative AI models.

Generative AI has uses across a wide range of industries, including software development, healthcare, finance, entertainment, customer service, sales and marketing, art, writing, fashion, and product design.

In addition to natural language text, large language models can be trained on programming language text, allowing them to generate source code for new computer programs.

Some industry leaders have said that software engineering will be completely revolutionized in the next 5 years

Generative AI trained on annotated video can generate temporally-coherent, detailed and photorealistic video clips. Examples include Sora by OpenAI, Runway, and Make-A-Video by Meta Platforms.

In artificial intelligence, an intelligent agent is an entity that perceives its environment, takes actions autonomously to achieve goals, and may improve its performance through machine learning or by acquiring knowledge.

Although technological progress has been accelerating in most areas, it has been limited by the basic intelligence of the human brain, which has not, according to Paul R. Ehrlich, changed significantly for millennia. However, with the increasing power of computers and other technologies, it might eventually be possible to build a machine that is significantly more intelligent than humans.

If a superhuman intelligence were to be invented—either through the amplification of human intelligence or through artificial intelligence—it would, in theory, vastly improve over human problem-solving and inventive skills.

Some scholars have characterized recent technological developments in the LLM field as innovations in computer interfacing.

Science and the market will always present new tools and platforms for artists and designers

Some governments and institutions have proclaimed ai as the key to a positive future

humans are likely to interface with computers, or upload their minds to computers, in a way that enables substantial intelligence amplification.

This is a thread for news and developments as young people everywhere should seek to leverage technological for educational and personal development. It is clear that we stand at a pivotal moment. Some policy leaders have characterized ai as the key to a bright future. By enhancing productivity and problem-solving capacities, AI is positioned as a universal tool for addressing global challenges.

Thread is WIP: Updates coming soon and regularly. Welcome to 2025, these are exciting times

A brain–computer interface (BCI), sometimes called a brain–machine interface (BMI), is a direct communication link between the brain's electrical activity and an external device, most commonly a computer or robotic limb.

a brain-computer interface raises the possibility of erasing the distinction between brain and machine.

In the future, BCIs might be vital to augment and accelerate human intelligence and human capability.

imagine a BCI equipped with the latest LLM models, what would the implication be for human intelligence, human education, and human society?

the chatgpt moment

ChatGPT is a generative artificial intelligence chatbot developed by OpenAI and launched in 2022. It is currently based on the GPT-4o large language model (LLM). ChatGPT can generate human-like conversational responses and enables users to refine and steer a conversation towards a desired length, format, style, level of detail, and language. It is credited with accelerating the AI boom, which has led to ongoing rapid investment in and public attention to the field of artificial intelligence.

By January 2023, ChatGPT had become what was then the fastest-growing consumer software application in history, gaining over 100 million users in two months.

As of July 2024, ChatGPT's website is among the 10 most-visited websites globally

“A major challenge in advancing BCI technology is achieving mutual learning between the brain and the machine,” Xu said.

The researchers discovered that changes in brain signals were not just random fluctuations caused by emotions or fatigue. Instead, these variations were influenced by how the brain interacts with a BCI.

Using this insight, they developed a dual-loop framework using a memristor chip—an energy-efficient hardware component that mimics neural networks—to create a more natural interaction between brain and machine.

The system consists of two key loops: a machine learning loop that continuously updates the decoder to adapt to the brain’s signal variations and a brain learning loop that helps the user refine control through real-time feedback.

This technological leap also allows users to perform more complex tasks. Traditional BCIs typically offer two degrees of freedom, such as moving a drone up and down or left and right. However, the new system enables four degrees of freedom, adding forward-backward motion and rotation—all controlled solely by brain signals.

“Compared to traditional digital BCIs, our dual-loop system increased efficiency by over 100 times while reducing energy consumption by 1,000 times,” Xu said.

Since the 1970s, BCIs have allowed users to control machines with their thoughts by translating brain signals into commands. Initial research focused on helping people with disabilities, but today’s applications include gaming, hands-free drone control, and other interactive technologies.

interestingengineering.com/science/worlds-first-2-way-bci-china

“Our work is the first to introduce the concept of brain-computer co-evolution and successfully demonstrate its feasibility, marking an initial step towards mutual adaptation between biological and machine intelligence,” said Xu Minpeng, a co-author of the study from Tianjin University.

livescience.com/technology/computing/humans-cannot-really-understand-them-weird-ai-designed-chip-is-unlike-any-other-made-by-humans-and-performs-much-better

Engineering researchers have demonstrated that artificial intelligence (AI) can design complex wireless chips in hours, a feat that would have taken humans weeks to complete.

Manufacturers currently rely on a mix of human expertise, bespoke circuit designs and established templates.

the process has repeatedly been recognized as an incredibly time consuming effort.

Each new design then goes through a slow process of optimization, based on trial and error because it is often so complex that a human cannot fully understand what is happening inside the chip. This leads to a cautious, iterative approach based on what has worked before.

In this experiment, the resulting structures "look randomly shaped," said lead author Kaushik Sengupta, a professor of electrical and computer engineering at Princeton. "Humans cannot really understand them."

And when Sengupta’steam manufactured the chips, they found the AI creations hit performance levels beyond those of existing designs.

The AI also considers each chip as a single artifact, rather than a collection of existing elements that need to be combined.

Although the findings suggest that the design of such complex chips could be handed over to AI, Sengputa was keen to point out that pitfalls remain “that still require human designers to correct.” In particular, many of the designs produced by the algorithm did not work– equivalent to the "hallucinations" produced by current generative AI tools.

"The point is not to replace human designers with tools," said Sengputa. "The point is to enhance productivity with new tools."

The speed with which iterative designs can be developed opens up new possibilities, too. Some chip designs can be geared towards energy efficiency, others to outright performance or to extending the frequency range

Tshilidzi Marwala and Evan Hurwitz in their study of the relationship between information asymmetry and artificial intelligence observed that there is a reduced level of information asymmetry between two artificial intelligent agents than between two human agents. As a consequence, when these artificial intelligent agents engage in financial markets it reduces arbitrage opportunities making markets more efficient. The study also revealed that as the number of artificial intelligent agents in the market increase, the volume of trades in the market will decrease.57 This is primarily because information asymmetry of the perceptions of value of goods and services is the basis of trade.

blogs.cornell.edu/info2040/2015/11/26/artificial-intelligence-can-reduce-information-asymmetry

researchgate.net/publication/321501825_Artificial_Intelligence_and_Economic_Theory_Skynet_in_the_Market

the implications here are astounding. thinkers and philosophers have repeatedly characterized contemporary political structures as "medieval at best". If a.i. can allocate resources better than markets, incumbents will feel threatened.

A text-to-image model is a machine learning model which takes an input natural language description and produces an image matching that description.

When communicating with a text-to-image, a typical prompt is a description of a desired output such as "a high-quality photo of an astronaut riding a horse"

Prompting a text-to-image model may involve adding, removing, emphasizing, and re-ordering words to achieve a desired subject, style, layout, lighting, and aesthetic.

One of the first text-to-image models to capture widespread public attention was OpenAI's DALL-E, a transformer system announced in January 2021. A successor capable of generating more complex and realistic images, DALL-E 2, was unveiled in April 2022, followed by Stable Diffusion that was publicly released in August 2022.
OpenAI's DALL-E 2, Google Brain's Imagen, Stability AI's Stable Diffusion, and Midjourney—began to be considered to approach the quality of real photographs and human-drawn art

Science and the market will always present new tools and platforms for artists and designers

emerging node-based programs such as ComfyUI are considered the

ComfyUI is an open source, node-based program that allows users to generate images from a series of text prompts.

It uses free diffusion models such as Stable Diffusion as the base model for its image capabilities combined with other tools such as ControlNet and LCM Low-rank adaptation with each tool being represented by a node in the program.

ComfyUI has been described as more complex compared to other diffusion UIs. ComfyUI equips users with more degrees of freedom and control over image and video generation. The program can be highly specialized and niche, but it's capabilities can be endless and is most likely the most eminent program in it's domain

GPUs have become the cornerstone of global power and economic influence.

GPUs ability to perform vast numbers of calculations rapidly has led to their adoption in diverse fields including artificial intelligence,(AI) where it excels at handling data-intensive and computationally demanding tasks. the training of neural networks and cryptocurrency mining, facial recognition technologies, molecular simulations, accelerated encryption/decryption etc.

Multiple GPUs are typically used on supercomputers , on artisan workstations to accelerate video and 3D rendering, visual effects, for simulations, and for training artificial intelligence.

"Chips are among the most complex manufactured goods that Humanity has ever made in fact nothing really comes close"

"the supply chain of companies that's necessary to produce chips like this is also the most complex of any that exists in any segment of the economy in all of human history"

"the manufacturing at nanometer scale is a billionths of a meter. this is basically unparalled in every other segment of manufacturing."

chips like these can have billions or tens of billions or hundreds of billions of tiny transistors little electrical switches that turn circuits on"

The MOSFET is by far the most widely used transistor, in applications ranging from computers and electronics83 to communications technology such as smartphones.84 It has been considered the most important transistor,85 possibly the most important invention in electronics,86 and the device that enabled modern electronics.87 It has been the basis of modern digital electronics since the late 20th century, paving the way for the digital age.88

the term "chip-wars" has been used to describe the role of computer chips on the world stage.

the "Fourth Industrial Revolution"! or Industry 4.0.

AI is a key driver of Industry 4.0, orchestrating technologies like robotics, automated vehicles, and real-time data a***ytics.

By enabling machines to perform complex tasks, AI is redefining production processes and reducing changeover times.

AI could also significantly accelerate, or even automate software development.

Ai augments the human capability to "search". Ai enabled technologies can recognize "hidden" patterns from large data sets that have remained hidden to humans until now.

geothermal energy production companies have recently begun to use a.i. to search for ideal geothermal sites. they already found more prime geothermal sites in the United States "than the entire industry did over the prior decade".

a.i., in some ways, offers opportunities for revelations that are obviously, immediately fruitful and practical

lesssgooo

team singularity

i’m ready to ascend

F*** are we doing? I thought this was investment opportunity.